Supreme+Court+Cases

//Marbury// v. //Madison// (1803): Supreme Court established right to perform judicial review on acts of Congress.

//Fletcher// v. //Peck// (1810): Marshall Court ruled that Georgia legislature of 1796 could not repeal act of granting lands because land grant was valid contract and could not be repealed even if there was corruption.

//Dartmouth College// v. //Woodward// (1819): Marshall Court prohibited New Hampshire legislature from turning Dartmouth into a state university because the charter that established the college was a valid contract; showed that Supreme Court could overrride state courts' decisions

//McCulloch// v. //Maryland// (1819): Bank of the United States declared constitutional under necessary and proper clause and states could not tax the Bank.

//Johnson// v. //McIntosh// (1823): Johnson (and others) bought land from Indians and sued McIntosh (and others), who were given land by United States. McIntosh won because only federal government could purchase land from Indians; demonstrated supremacy of national government.

//Gibbons// v. //Ogden// (1824): Thomas Gibbons (steamboat company licensed by Congress) won against Aaron Ogden (company licensed by NY); gave Congress power to regulate state commerce

//Worcester// v. //Georgia// (1832): Supreme Court gave land back to Cherokees; demonstrated supremacy principle and gave more/ confirmed rights of tribes to remain free from state government, gave Indians property rights

//Charles River Bridge// v. //Warren Bridg//e (1837): Taney Court abolished charter of older bridge so newer toll-free bridge could exist. Showed how Supreme Court was changing and Jackson's support of removing older corporations in order to make room for rising new ones.

The //Amistad// Case (1839): Africans who were captured by Americans along with slave ship were declared free and sent back to Africa.

//Prigg// v. //Pennsylvania// (1842): states did not have to help enforce 1793 fugitive slave law

The //Dred Scott// Decision (1857): Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional, blacks not allowed to sue

//Plessy// v. //Ferguson (//1896): segregation b/w blacks and whites was allowed if the spaces were equal; "separate but equal"

//Williams// v. //Mississippi// (1898): literacy tests for voting were constitutional

//Cumming// v. //County Board of Education// (1899): laws that established segregated school were allowed even if the education wasn't equal

//Guinn// v//. United States// (1915): grandfather clause was unconstitutional (denied voting to people whose ancestors couldn't vote before 1860)

//Buchanan// v. //Worley// (1917): residential segregation law was unconstitutional

//The State of Tennessee// v. //Scopes// (1925): biology teacher John Scopes violated the law by teaching the creation of man different from the Bible; fined $100 but showed that religion was up to interpretation

Scottsboro Case (1932): 9 black teenagers were originally convicted of raping two white women but decision was overturned by Supreme Court

//Korematsu //v. //U.S.// (1944): relocation of Japanese in U.S. was constitutional but only for "nonloyal" citizens (up to interpretation)

//Rosenberg// v. //U.S//. (1953): The Rosenbergs were convicted of spying on the U.S. for the Soviet Union even though pleaded innocent

//Brown// v. //Board of Education// (1954): rejected //Plessy// v. //Ferguson// "separate but equal" decision

//Roe // v. //Wade// (1973): legalized abortion but only in 1st trimester ("right to privacy")

//United States// v. //Nixon// (1974): Nixon had to hand over tapes of cover-up and was almost impeached because of Watergate cover-up, violating citizens' rights, and defying Congress' requests to hand over tapes

//United States// v. //Wheeler// (1978): Native American tribes had an independent legal standing