Colonial+North+America,+1690-1754

= = Livia Chan 3: Colonial North America, 1690-1754 =Population Growth and Immigration =
 * By the late 1600s, immigration + natural increase led to an increased population of Europeans and Africans that was finally able to outnumber the natives
 * Indentured servants made up 3/4 of the immigration population in the Chesapeake region in the 1600s
 * Originally, indentured servants worked for a master for a period of time and in return, received passage to America, food, shelter, and sometimes land (usually wasn't given anything that would come to good use after servitude)
 * Women servants sometimes married masters
 * Starting in 1617, English convicts were sent to America and sold as indentured servants
 * 1650s - Scottish and Irish prisoners from battle were sold into servitude with "undesirables" (orphans, homeless, poor, dangerous)
 * By 1670s, immigration of indentured servants to the colonies decreased b/c of decrease in English birth rate and an increase in prosperity
 * Usually avoided southern colonies b/c difficult labor and diseases

= = =Transatlantic Trade and the Growth of Seaports =
 * Triangular Trade - complex system of trade routes across Atlantic Ocean b/w North American colonies, Europe, England, West Africa, and the Caribbean
 * Middle Passage - part of Triangular Trade system
 * Horrifying journey of slaves from Africa to Americas
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Some slaves were packed as close as possible on the ships and unhealthy ones were thrown off board

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Growth of Plantation Economies and Slave Societies =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Plantation system first emerged in Virginia and Maryland because of the cultivation of tobacco
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">The plantation economy was very dependent on supply and demand so when certain crops were out of demand, so were the owners' businesses -> risky business
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Dependent one (or a few) cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Plantations were 2*usually small and set far away from the cities
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Even though there were more farmers than actual plantation owners, the plantation owners exercised large amount of control because farmers were dependent on them
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Hard labor was needed to run the plantations but indentured servants weren't usually excited with the idea of hard work, hot weather, and the possibility of catching diseases
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Slaves began to be imported
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Stono Rebellion (1739) - one of the few but most important slave revolts in the colonies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">100 South Carolina slaves revolted and seized weapons, killing a few white colonists
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">The rebellion was quickly stopped and most of the rebels were killed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Slave Codes: passed by colonial assemblies in early 1700s
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Limited slaves’ rights and ensured almost absolute authority to white masters
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Anyone with any African descent at all was subject to the codes

=<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Great Awakening - 1730s - 1740s
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1st religious revival in America - began because Puritans in New England were alarmed at the decline in religious faith
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 23px;">Was most appealing to women and young men who inherited very few property and had uncertain futures
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Encouraged people to leave the past behind and renew their relationship with God
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Reflected the desire of many people to leave start a new life
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Enlightenment - 1700s
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">New encouragement to use reason and scientific inquiry rather than faith to gain knowledge
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Most supporters didn't challenge God or religion but some did undermine the church

= = =<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 14.25pt; margin: 0in;">Colonial Governments and Imperial Policy in the British North America = = =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Colonial Governments were unofficial colonial assemblies that allowed colonists to govern themselves, largely independent from British authority
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">There were British provincial governors for the colonies but they had limited powers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Couldn't control appointments and contracts
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Uncertainty about how long their governorship would last (patron could always withdraw them at any time)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Some knew very little about the colonies at all
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Only in 1763 did the British begin to exercise their authority over the colonies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">By then, the colonists were already accustomed to their own methods of governing
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">No official office specifically responsible for colonies in Britain
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Responsibility split among different offices -> even then, those offices had other matters to attend to